what is the Definition of Geographic Information Systems-Giscast

Geographical Information Systems 

It is the science that is concerned with collecting, processing and studying geographical information, and it depends on recognizing maps, aerial photos, using tables, working on processing them, and making sure that they are completely correct, and free from any errors, so that they can be preserved, and used when needed, especially In cases where it is necessary to study it, or analyze it via computer, paper, or graphics. 
Geographical information systems first appeared in 1964 in Canada, through Roger Tomlinson, and in the seventies of the twentieth century, many companies interested in working on programs specializing in information systems spread, which led to an increase in the costs of working on these systems, and this contributed to that. In the increase in the number of people interested in studying it, many programs and new devices have emerged that are interested in pursuing the study of information systems.
 With the advent of the Internet, all the methods used to follow geographical maps have evolved. 

Benefits of geographic information systems

 GIS has many of the following benefits: Reducing the time for preparing maps: In the past, a single map needed many days, which may reach a month sometimes in order to be prepared, drawn, and the identification of lines and terrain in it, and naming the places inside it, and at the present time with the use of geographical information systems, the preparation of the map took hours Numbered, until ready. Reducing the number of employees: 

The mapping ceremonies contained large numbers of workers, but with technological development, and the use of geographic information systems that carried out the function of mapping, preparing, and adding colors to them, the number of workers was reduced. Reducing the financial cost: Geographic information systems contributed to reducing the financial cost that was spent on providing mapping paper, drawing pens, colors, and so on with the payment of basic costs that are often high to create geographic information systems, but they contribute to providing these amounts after that because they Pay only once. 

Geographic Information Systems components

 Geographical information systems depend on their components on a group of elements, including: 
Spatial information
 It is the initial information that is available about the places on the map, which is collected by measuring the land area, or by photography, or using the geographic topography scanning method, to collect information about the places, but it needs a large amount of money compared to other elements, due to its need for many It is an equipment that helps to study and analyze information to ensure its accuracy. 

computer

 The presence of the computer contributed to the facilitation of many specialized operations in the implementation of maps, by using additional devices that rely on computer technology to process data related to maps, and obtain printed copies of them, with the presence of sound effects, or using video technology to display some images ,
 Or snapshots of geographical maps. 

Programs and applications

 They are all applications that work on mapping and making them more interactive, especially with the presence of two-dimensional and three-dimensional properties, known as (2D and 3D), which contributed to making the designed map simulate reality, and transmit clearer images, which contributed to the development of many Applications that have helped ordinary users who use smart digital devices, such as: smartphones, and tablets, browse a set of maps that show the user where he wants.